Desain Voltage Controlled Current Source untuk Sistem Electrical Impedance Tomography

Naldo Malelak; Ari Bangkit Sanjaya Umbu; Laura A.S. Lapono; Ali Warsito

doi:10.31358/techne.v24i2.592

Authors

Naldo Malelak Nusa Cendana University
Ari Bangkit Sanjaya Umbu Universitas Nusa Cendana
Laura A.S. Lapono Universitas Nusa Cendana
Ali Warsito Universitas Nusa Cendana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31358/techne.v24i2.592

Keywords:

Electrical Impedance Tomography, Voltage Controlled Oscillator, Low Pass Filter, Enhance Howland Current Pump, Voltage to Current Converter

Abstract

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) adalah salah satu teknik pencitraan yang didasarkan pada pemetaan sebaran konduktivitas listrik. Salah satu blok sistem EIT yang memiliki peran penting adalah Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS). VCCS berfungsi sebagai sumber arus AC konstan yang diinjeksikan pada objek pengukuran dengan dengan standar nilai kuat arus maksimum yang diinjeksikan sebesar 5 mA pada rentang frekuensi 50-250 KHz. Pada penelitian ini dibatasi sistem VCCS dengan keluaran arus AC konstan 1 mA pada frekuensi tunggal 60 KHz. Sistem VCCS terdiri dari rangkaian Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) menggunakan IC ICL8038, rangkaian Butterworth Low-Pass Filter (LPF) (topologi Sallen-Key) menggunakan IC LF412 dan rangkaian Voltage-To-Current-Converter (VCC) (rangkaian Enhance Howland Current Pump) menggunakan IC AD844. Hasil sistem VCCS dapat memberi keluaran arus AC konstan 0,96 mA untuk beban maksimal mencapai 3730 Ohm. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai sumber arus konstan untuk EIT dengan sistem frekuensi tunggal.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A. Adler and D. Holder, Electrical Impedance Tomography Methods, History and Applications, 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022.

S. Mansouri, Y. Alharbi, F. Haddad, S. Chabcoub, A. Alshrouf, and A. A. Abd-Elghany, “Electrical Impedance Tomography - Recent Applications and Developments,” Journal of electrical bioimpedance, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 50–62, 2021, doi: 10.2478/joeb-2021-0007.

B. Brazey, Y. Haddab, N. Zemiti, F. Mailly, and P. Nouet, "An open-source and easily replicable hardware for Electrical Impedance Tomography," HardwareX, vol. 11, pp. e00278, 2022.

C. Sebu, “Electrical Impedance Mammography: the key to low-cost, portable and non-invasive breast cancer screening?” Xjenza Online, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 154-157, 2017, doi: 10.7423/XJENZA.2017.2.09.

G. Singh, S. Anand, B. Lall, A. Srivastava and V. Singh, "Development of a microcontroller based electrical impedance tomography system," 2015 Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology, Farmingdale, NY, USA, 2015, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/LISAT.2015.7160174.

V. Chitturi and N. Farrukh, "An alternate voltage-controlled current source for electrical impedance tomography applications," in Proceedings of DAL: Data Analytics and Learning, Singapore, Nov. 5, 2018, pp. 93–102, doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-2514-4_8.

A. J. Puspitasari and E. Endarko, "Band-Pass Filter Circuit Design For Multi-Frequency Electrical Impedance Tomography System," Jurnal Forum Nuklir, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 13–18, 2020., doi: 10.17146/jfn.2019.13.3.5631

A. B. S. Umbu, "Rancang Bangun Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) Untuk Sistem Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) Frekuensi Tunggal 20 KHz," Technologia, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 326–330, 2022, doi: 10.31602/tji.v13i4.7990.

A. B. S. Umbu, "Desain Band Pass Filter Dengan Frekuensi Cut-Off 1 Khz dan 100 KHz Untuk Sistem Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)," ORBITA: Jurnal Kajian, Inovasi dan Aplikasi Pendidikan Fisika, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 58–63, 2023, doi: 10.31764/orbita.v9i1.13947.

A. M. Ahmed and V. Chitturi, "Multi-Frequency Current Source for Varying Loads in Electrical Impedance Tomography Systems," in Advance in Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation and Control, Singapore: Springer, 2021, pp. 2155–2166.

A. H. B. Daurado, “Electric Double Layer: The Good, the Bad, and the Beauty,” Electrochem, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 789-808, 2022, doi: 10.3390/electrochem3040052

D. Padmaraj, J. H. Miller, J. Wosik, and W. Zagozdzon-Wosik, “Reduction of electrode polarization capacitance in low-frequency impedance spectroscopy by using mesh electrodes,“ Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 13–17, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.050

O. B. Olalekan, and O. V. Toluwani, “Sallen-Key Topology, MFB and Butterworthy in Bandpass Design for Audio Circuit Design,” Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 23-28, 2017, doi: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1992.

V. Chitturi and N. Farrukh, "Development Of An Agilent Voltage Source For Electrical Impedance Tomography Applications," ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1819–6608, 2016.

R. Basak, and K. A. Wahid, “A Rapid, Low-Cost, and High-Precision Multifrequency Electrical Impedance Tomography Data Acquisition System for Plant Phenotyping,” Remote Sensing, vol. 14, no. 13, p. 3214, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ rs14133214.

I. C. Setiadi, “Desain Sumber Arus untuk Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT),” e-Jurnal Arus Elektro Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 27-33, 2015.

R. Mancini, Op Amps for Everyone, 1st ed. Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2002.

S. Franco, Design With Operational Amplifiers And Analog Integrated Circuits, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.

F. A. E. Revelo, V. H. M. Leyton, and C. F. R. Rodas, "Electrical impedance tomography: hardware fundamentals and medical applications," Ingeniería Solidaria, vol. 16, no. 3, 2020, doi: 10.16925/2357-6014.2020.03.02.